Pemerintah Wanita Kesultanan Melayu (Abad ke-17 Masihi): Tinjauan Reformasi dalam Pentadbiran dan Undang-undang

Abstract

ABSTRAKSI: Sorotan perbincangan makalah ini mengarah kepada wanita dari kalangan golongan pemerintah Alam Melayu tradisional, yang telah melakukan reformasi pentadbiran dan penggubalan undang-undang, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Kesultanan Aceh di Sumatera, Bone di Sulawesi Selatan, dan Patani di Siam Selatan. Penggubalan dan pembaharuan undang-undang dibuat bagi membela kaum wanita daripada tertindas oleh kaum lelaki akibat daripada kes-kes rumahtangga. Peranan raja wanita dalam menggubal dan membaharui undang-undang juga dapat dilihat sebagaimana yang dimainkan oleh Sultanah di Aceh, Ratu di Bone, dan Ratu di Patani. Hatta, undang-undang di Patani ini menekankan kepentingan keselamatan dan pemantauan kegiatan perdagangan akibat pertikaian antara pedagang Belanda dan British. Dengan itu jelaslah bahawa reformasi pentadbiran dan undang-undang bukan sahaja dilakukan oleh pemerintah lelaki di Alam Melayu, tetapi juga telah dibuat oleh pemerintah-pemerintah wanita Alam Melayu sebagaimana yang dilakukan di Aceh, Bone, dan Patani.
KATA KUNCI: Reformasi; Undang-Undang; Pentadbiran; Sultanah; Kuasa dan Wilayah. 

ABSTRACT: “Female Rulers of the Malay Sultanate (17^th Century AD): A Review of Reforms in Administration and Law”. The focus of this paper is on women from among the traditional Malay rulers, who have carried out administrative reforms and lawmaking, as done by the Aceh Sultanate in Sumatra, Bone in South Sulawesi, and Patani in South Siam. The drafting and reform of laws were made to protect women from being oppressed by men as a result of domestic cases. The role of female kings in drafting and reforming laws can also be seen as played by the Sultanah in Aceh, the Queen in Bone, and the Queen in Patani. Moreover, the laws in Patani emphasized the importance of security and monitoring trade activities due to disputes between Dutch and British traders. Thus, it is clear that administrative and legal reforms were not only carried out by male rulers in the Malay Kingdom, but were also made by female rulers of the Malay Kingdom as done in Aceh, Bone, and Patani.
KEY WORD: Reform; Law; Administration; Sultanah; Power and Territory.

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About the Authors: Nur Syazwani binti Haji Md Suif ialah Kelulusan Ph.D. Sejarah daripada FASS UBD (Fakulti Sastera dan Sains Sosial, Universiti Brunei Darussalam); dan Prof. Dr. Haji Awang Asbol bin Haji Mail ialah Pensyarah pada FASS dan APB (Akademi Pengajian Brunei) UBD. Alamat emel Penulis: asbolm@gmail.com

Suggested Citation: Suif, Nur Syazwani binti Haji Md & Haji Awang Asbol bin Haji Mail. (2026). “Pemerintah Wanita Kesultanan Melayu (Abad ke-17 Masihi): Tinjauan Reformasi dalam Pentadbiran dan Undang-undang” in INSANCITA: Journal of Islamic Studies in Indonesia and Southeast Asia, Volume 11(2), August, pp.85-104. Bandung, West Java, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Suci Foundation and ASPENSI, with ISSN 2443-1776 (print) and ISSN 2657-0491 (online).

Article Timeline: Accepted (June 27, 2026); Revised (July 3, 2026); and Published (August 17, 2026).